What Constitutes the serious criminal offence of drug trafficking at Southport and on the Gold Coast?

The serious criminal law charge of drug trafficking is these days far too quickly proffered against offenders in places like Southport and indeed elsewhere, when in previous years the criminal law offence of supplying drugs would have been preferred.

The spirit of the legislature would not have been in my view to brand low level ‘pot’ users as serious criminal law offenders engaged in drug trafficking, when in reality they have just purchased drugs for themselves, and sold a bit on the side to make a bit of extra money. They are as much a victim of the scourge of drugs as anyone.  From a criminal law policy point of view, if you are a drug user living at Southport on the Gold Coast, and you have purchased a larger volume of marijuana, giving some away, smoking some, but also selling some, you may find yourself charged with drug trafficking. You would be right to question whether the criminal investigators should be focussing their efforts on the bigger fish, but a ‘drug trafficking’ conviction is a ‘drug trafficking’ conviction – and these days it seems as much about statistics anything.

We have seen clients with only 552.5 grams living in very basic accommodation, simply buying enough to sell a bit and smoke a bit. Drug users living on the Gold Coast at Southport fro example, could easily fall into this category. Clearly there are more serious criminal law offenders who are producing the drugs for individuals like this. Drug raids occur regularly, and an occupant may be inclined to just accept that a quantity of drugs found belong to them. Care needs to be taken in these sorts of cases, to get advice from a criminal law expert early, as often the only evidence of trafficking will come from the admissions that are provided by the defendant.

What Qualifies as the Serious Criminal Law offence of Drug Trafficking?

The following passage from the Supreme Court Benchbook outlines what is required for carrying on the business of trafficking:

“Generally speaking, a single sale may be proved to have been carried out in such circumstances as to show that it was a part of the carrying on of a business.  However, mere occasional sales of the drug could not amount to the carrying on of a business of selling it.  “Carrying on a business” for present purposes signifies much more than a few isolated transactions. The expression connotes a continuous course of conduct engaged in to obtain a reward of a commercial character.  Proof of the carrying on of a business therefore requires the prosecution to establish several transactions done for gain over more than a brief interval.  Repetition of acts, and activities of a commercial nature possessing something of a permanent character, are hallmarks of a business being carried on…”

Connolly J in R v Elhusseini [1988] 2 QdR 442 said,

“Carrying on the business of trafficking in any substance must include all acts which are part of such a business including negotiations for further outlets and it cannot be confined to sales of the substance. True it is the expression “carrying on” in relation to a business implies a degree of continuity and on occasions it has seemed important to identify the intention with which a commercial transaction was carried out in order to see whether it was, or was part of, the carrying on of a business.” There would be many examples of this sort of criminal law enterprise being conducted at Southport and the Gold Coast right now. The key issue is whether there is evidence of carrying on of a business.

McPeherson J later said at 450,

“The expression ‘trafficking’ in a context like s 5 has been held to mean knowingly engaging in the movement of drugs from source to ultimate user….Ordinarily, if not invariably, an element of commercial enterprise is involved…Carrying on business, particularly where the subject matter of that business is goods or services, usually involves a series of activities, such as advertising or promoting the ‘product’ by communicating with prospective buyers; setting up lines of supply; negotiating prices and terms of supply and payment; soliciting and receiving orders, arranging for places and times of delivery, and so on.  Such activities are the res acta or res gestae of business and the indicia of its carrying on.  Invariably they involve conversations because it is scarcely possible to carry on business without communication of some kind.”

Ambrose J in R v Quaile [1988] 2 QdR 103 said that “Proof of the offence involved showing some movement of the drug at the instance of the accused person at the relevant time and that that movement had some commercial connotation.”  More recently, Williams JA in R v Dent [2002] QCA 247 said “Those authorities (Elhusseini, Quaile, Goulden and Antipas etc.) clearly establish that the gravamen of the offence is that of trading for profit in a drug or drugs.”

If a criminal law case such as this took place on the Gold Coast at Southport as must happen regularly, the Police should show “such circumstances as to show that it was a part of the carrying on of a business.  However, mere occasional sales of the drug could not amount to the carrying on of a business of selling it” (R v Elhusseini [1988] 2 QdR 442).

If you have been arrested at Southport or on the Gold Coast for the serious criminal offence of drug trafficking, it is recommended you get advice early from a criminal law specialist. Ideally this should happen before you participate in an interview, but certainly after being charged.

 

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Brisbane District Court Criminal Law Jurisdiction Sentencing for Sexual Assault

The authorities that guide a District Court Judge in Brisbane to deal with the criminal law offence under s 352(1) of the Criminal Code of Indecent Assault when committed by a masseuse should be used to guide the range of sentencing. Recently the District Court in its criminal law jurisdiction in Brisbane dealt with the criminal offence of indecent assault in the context of a masseuse that had been found guilty of indecent assault by a jury after two trials for rape and indecent assault. At both trials the jury had been unable to make a finding of guilt for the rape, and only on the second trial was the finding of guilt delivered for the sexual indecent assault. The assault occurred when the defendant was massaging her while he was completing a massage inside a massage spa. While it is easy for a masseuse to avoid touching a patient in a sexual way, inadvertent touching can occur. The jury found the defendant guilty.  In Brisbane there must be many instances of inadvertent touching that do not constitute a criminal law offence. At the end of a criminal law trial, as happened her in Brisbane, the judge that ran the trial imposes the sentence. It must be a difficult thing for a judge to separate in their mind the things that the defendant was not found guilty of by the jury, and only sentence on the thing/s that they were. A judge is expected to be objective and put the things of their mind that they may have believed themselves.

Comparative Cases for Indecent Assault for Sentencing in Brisbane Criminal Law Registry

The offending for which he was found guilty fell within recognised cases where masseuses have committed similar offences against mature clients.

In the case of R v Owen [2008] QCA 171 in the Court of Appeal Criminal Law jurisdiction, McMurdo P was discussing a case where the offender Owen, a masseuse, had been found not guilty of rape and two additional counts of sexual assault, but convicted of the third. He was initially sentenced to 9 months. On appeal it was suspended after 25 days, being the time he had served in custody. The Court of Appeal, per McMurdo P found that imposing a term of imprisonment was in range. However, in apparently not considering partly or fully suspending the sentence, the primary judge unnecessarily fettered his discretion.

The count on which Owen was convicted involved the offender providing the massage at the complainant’s home. The offending behavior was that he “then put his hands on her hips, puckered his lips and bent over her. She felt his lips brush her pubic hair but he did not touch her skin” [3]. There was no early plea. It was recognized that it was a significant breach of trust. A nine-month sentence was imposed. In that case the complainant was being treated alone in her home by the defendant, placing her in a particularly vulnerable position [10].  The fact that she was an adult woman of worldly experience was relevant, although she had never had a massage before [10].

In the case of R v Coram [2006] QCA 313 criminal law jurisdiction, Jerrard JA discussed an offender, a naturopath and massage therapist, who had offended against a client who was a professional chiropractor. The two had been discussing joint business together, but this was unrelated to the services provided. She came to his clinic, where he massaged her. He was found not guilty on two counts of indecently assaulting her, during the same incident. The indecent assault he was found guilty of was that he allowed his hands to touch her labia through her legs. The court made no comment about the suitability of the fact that a fine of $2000 had been imposed as the penalty for this count, and this sentence had not been appealed by the Crown. It is submitted that massaging the buttocks and allowing the fingers to pass between the cheeks and touch the outside of the genitalia is more serious than the offending before the Court.

In the case of R v Rawlins (DC 1142 of 2016 Mackay) criminal law jurisdiction, Reid J dealt with an offender that plead guilty to one count of sexual assault against a 42 year old complainant that had engaged him to perform a massage at her own house. The offender was 68 years of age. He’d had a long career working in unrelated fields, before deciding as an older man to train in Chinese massage. He operated in Mackay. The complainant was at her house at night, where the offender brought his massage table for the massage. She was living alone. She was wearing underwear. She was considered to have life experience, but to be vulnerable due to the above circumstances.

During the course of the massage he indicated sexual interest in her. He commented on her body, and how fit she was. He then massaged her breasts and her nipples, for about three seconds each. She felt invaded and froze. She turned over on his request, and he used a vibrating wand to massage her inner thighs, and pushed the wand against her vaginal area, near to her clitoris, through her underpants, softly at first and then pushing hard. At this point she objected saying, “That’s not a massage. What are you doing?”. Following that the offending stopped.  A period of 6 months wholly suspended was imposed for an operational period of two years.

In the case of the defendant being sentenced by the Brisbane District Court in its criminal law jurisdiction, a sentence of 9 months was imposed, partly suspended after 3 months. The Crown were attempting to persuade the sentencing Judge that a penalty above Owen should be imposed, however the judge was persuaded not to go beyond Owen.

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Burglary and Home Invasion Brisbane Criminal Defence Lawyer and Appealing Sentences

In the Magistrates Court at Brisbane, like any other Magistrates Court, serious offences like Burglary and commit indictable offence under section 419(4) of the Criminal Code Queensland and Possessing dangerous Drugs under s 9 of the Drugs Misuse Act Queensland can easily result in jail time. The fact that the matter is at the Brisbane Magistrates Court level does not mean that serious penalties are not imposed for such criminal law offences. For example in 2016, a man suffering the ill-effects of taking Ice was charged with home invasion in Bundamba, part of the Ipswich district. He was eventually sentenced in front of the Brisbane Courts, to 30 months non-parole of 8 months, as criminal law offences can usually be shifted from one jurisdiction to another for a sentence.

Just after midnight, the Applicant was observed by his mother to be pacing backwards and forwards, and to become more and more agitated. He eventually left the property and without any reason, he ended up a few doors down at the complainants’ residence.  The defendant did not know the complainants. He broke in the front door. He instructs he remembers that that once inside, he knocked some pictures off the wall. He recalls snapping out of it, realising he was somewhere he shouldn’t be and doing something he did not want to be doing. The defendant apologised to the male, walked across the road, and waited for the police to arrive.  As such it was one of the shortest home invasions one could imagine. His actions confirmed that he did not recall forming an intention in relation to the burglary. If anything, it was fleeting, and once he realised what he was doing, he desisted. He did not cause any violence, nor take anything. The damage that was caused was part of his immediate conduct on breaking in the front door.

Unfortunately, the defendant had a prior offence for a similar charge of enter dwelling and commit an indictable offence, and had been to jail. As such he had one existing serious criminal law conviction for a similar offence, which would be taken into account by the sentencing magistrate in Brisbane.

Comparative Cases for Home Invasions in Brisbane

In the case of R v Button DC No 134 of 2012 in the criminal law registry, the defendant committed one burglary and stole about $30,000 worth of jewellery.  He had a prior conviction for an offence of enter dwelling and commit an indictable offence several years earlier, but the Judge accepted that was trivial. The defendant had the benefit of youth, but it is significant that only about $700 of the jewellery was recovered, and that the defendant in that case had clear intent to steal, and did so. He was sentenced to 12 months, wholly suspended for 18 months.

In the case of R v Harris DC No 95 of 2011 in the criminal law registry, the defendant smashed into a woman’s house when she was not there, and ransacked the whole house, stealing a number of items. Discovering the ransacked house would have caused her distress. The defendant had made good steps to rehabilitating himself. The defendant had a serious problem with drugs and there were obvious periods where his drug use led to reoffending followed by periods where he was drug free. The head sentence may have been 18-24 months with actual time, but due to having a good relationship, having rehabilitated to an extent, he was sentenced to 12 months wholly suspended for three years.

In the case of the R v Dargan DC at Bowen 18 November 2015 in the criminal law registry, the defendant was found guilty by a jury of burglary and stealing. It was serious but considered opportunistic. The defendant had the benefit of youth, and had cooperated. He had the support of his family and partner. He had no criminal history, but after the offence, had history for breaches of domestic violence orders. He was sentenced to six months wholly suspended for 18 months.

After applying for Bail to the Brisbane District Court in the criminal law registry, and appealing against sentence, a new figure of 18 months was substituted. The case is a good reminder of the need to ensure that first offences do not result in jail time, which can easily occur when they are handled without an exploration of the cases, as the defendant had great difficulty avoiding actual prison time on the second offence.

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Brisbane Crime Lawyer defends criminal charge in Brisbane where one punch was thrown in self defence

Justin Sibley Brisbane Crime Lawyer and Williamson and Associates Lawyers Brisbane successfully defended an innocent man put on trial for assault occasioning bodily harm in Brisbane in circumstances where the police prosecutor should never have proceeded. Police were called to a supposed ‘one punch scenario’ where a male had been rendered unconscious in Brisbane City one evening. The defendant’s story, not assessed at all closely by the police, was that he had been ascended upon by a group. The CCTV footage, not viewed until much later by the police who had already dismissed the defendant as the wrong doer, showed that he had been surrounded by the group, repeatedly taunted by members of the group, and assaulted viciously by one of them. Despite clear provocation, followed by a serious and violent assault upon him by one of the group, the defendant was seen to be turning the other cheek and attempting to avoid a fight. This occurred even after one of his attackers held him in a strangle hold. This male then viciously assaults him, trying to pull him down to knee him in the head. The defendant successfully breaks this hold and pushes him away, and then punches him several times in a clear proportionate use of force to defend himself. While defending himself against this vicious attack, the group that had sought to antogonise him pull back. One of the group approaches him, seemingly to continue the assault, but then withdraws.  A third party walks in towards the defendant, with his hands up in a very similar posture to the male who had strangled him. Sadly, the defendant, having to make a snap decision to assess this person, believes that he is just another member of the group coming to assault him. He struck this person with one punch, in self defence, and this caused that person to lose consciousness. As the defendant said, he was outnumbered, and on the CCTV it was clear he was outnumbered by several males and a number of females. Clearly the defence of Mistake of Fact under s 24 of the Criminal Code and s 271 Self Defence were raised and obvious on the CCTV, and the prosecution could point to no evidence to negative the defence beyond a reasonable doubt. To make matters worse, only one of the individuals who had been in the group that had tried to antagonize and assault the defendant, was interviewed by the police, and that person was quick to seek to paint the defendant as the aggressor. The actions of the group picking on and eventually assaulting an innocent person, led to another innocent person being hurt. As regrettable as that was, the defendant should not have been prosecuted simply because someone was hurt. A value judgement was clearly made by the police and the prosecutions, regardless of whether the defendant himself was a victim of a cowardly group offensive. A submission to the police prosecutions in Brisbane to drop the charge was dismissed with no justification, requiring the defendant to defend himself before the criminal jurisdiction of the magistrates court in Brisbane. In summing up and awarding costs, the magistrate was critical of the police prosecutor for pursuing the prosecution in circumstances where they had no reasonable prospect of success. He dismissed the charges, acquitting the defendant of the criminal charge of assault occasioning bodily harm heard before the court in Brisbane. The magistrate had earlier ruled there was no case to answer on a charge of public nuisance.

Contact www.brisbanecrimelawyer.com.au

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Criminal Defence Lawyer helps Southport Defendant Resolve Criminal Assault Charges

Many cases of assault involve a he said she said version of events, and defending criminal assault charges at Southport Court is no different. In criminal assault cases, there are usually three sides to the story, the victim’s, the defendant’s and the truth being the third. It is often the case that what starts as a consensual fight between adults becomes an allegation involving the police by one party. Recently Justin Sibley criminal lawyer became involved in such a case involving a Chinese student. For Chinese students on visas, the risks from a criminal record, even a minor one, can be severe as Border Force can act with disastrous consequences. Depending on your history, a criminal record may be difficult to avoid. However, Justin Sibley criminal lawyer is used to sorting out opposing versions and giving advice on the best way to proceed. Talking to a criminal defence lawyer with a background in law enforcement early can assist, as many cases can be improved through case conferencing with the prosecutor.

Contact www.brisbanecrimelawyer.com.au

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Criminal Lawyer helps Cleveland Defendant Resolve criminal charges of Home Invasion assault and motor vehicle offences

Justin Sibley crime lawyer recently reviewed a case of home invasion, assault and theft in company at Cleveland. The circumstances were not unfamiliar. A defendant who had been tricked into being a part of something that he ordinarily would not have, and aggressive actions on the part of the others that he didn’t anticipate. Worse still, is when all the other offenders got away leaving him to take the blame. If you have been charged with serious criminal offences in Cleveland, there is benefit in seeking advice early from a crime lawyer with a background in policing, to negotiate with the prosecutions and the detectives. On this occasion, the Cleveland detectives were interested in getting to the truth, not just an easy arrest. Justin Sibley crime lawyer is available to assist with advice and representation.

Brisbane Drug Trafficking and Drug Importation Offences and Evidence

When the Australian Federal Police and Queensland Police Service liaise with Border Force on a drug trafficking or importation offence in Brisbane, highly effective surveillance and interception capabilities are deployed. Border force take advantage of a lack of understanding of legislation controlling the arrivals lounge, to intimidate inbound passengers into believing they don’t have any rights in this ‘international space’. The law in this regard is questionable and should be tested. Passengers arriving into Brisbane International Airport can be deliberately targeted from as early as the time the manifest is lodged by their airline, triggering a task with border force at the airport with ample time to prepare, which in turn allows that passenger to be closely monitored and disrupted from the moment they leave the plane. The inbound passenger may think they are participating in a random search. They will be pulled aside and ‘randomly’ searched and their baggage x-rayed. Any citizen, let alone one accused of drug trafficking coming into Brisbane needs to be particularly careful about providing access to their phones and the pins to unlock them, as there is no power to specifically require this without a warrant. These days a smart phone is a personal computer, and all manner of material is available, effectively unlocking evidence into an individual’s life. One needs to be aware of law enforcement embarking on a fishing expedition, seeking to obtain evidence that they could not have hoped to build through lawful means. Recently the use of such powers by border force officers in international terminals was ventilated at the Brisbane Supreme Court level in pre-trial s 590AA hearings on a drug importation of a commercial quantity charge. The issues were not satisfactorily resolved in my view. When facing a drug trafficking or drug importation charge in Brisbane, consult with Justin Sibley Brisbane Crime Lawyer as quickly as possible to determine if evidence should be excluded.

Redcliffe Traffic Offences Demonstrates Flaws in Radar Detection

As a criminal defence lawyer it is essential that we maintain justice at the Magistrates Courts level when it comes to traffic offences and the resultant infringements. Recently a hearing conducted in the Richlands Magistrates Court indicated the danger of human error in the operation of LIDAR devices. These devices are inherently reliable when properly calibrated and when operated properly. However, this does not remove the human factor both in calibrating and in operating these devices which leads to the allegation of so many traffic offences and the consequential infringement notices. Richlands Magistrates Court is a busy and often overloaded court house, but that should not discourage individuals from contesting traffic offences in the right circumstances. Getting advice early on traffic offences is critical. Speeding offences can easily result in loss of licences, and this can have an impact on your ability to earn a living. Special hardship orders are available in only a small number of categories. Work licences are only available for Drink Driving and Drug Driving offences. Losing a licence is for some a severe a penalty. Engage a Brisbane Crime Lawyer early to discuss your options.

Brisbane Criminal Defence and Immigration Detention

In May 2014 the Abbott government announced, with typical bombast, the arrival of a new super-agency into an already cluttered law enforcement environment. Backed by fresh legislation and armed troops fitted out in coal-black uniforms, the Australian Border Force (ABF) was to epitomise an increasingly belligerent approach to policing a frontier that the then-Immigration Minister Scott Morrison termed a “strategic national asset.”

This is only further confirmed by their recent intervention into the case of Omar, a young Kuwaiti man who came to Australia to commence a university degree.
Omar’s dream fell apart on a cool, wet Monday in June of 2016. That afternoon, he was visiting a suburban shopping centre in Brisbane when he was arrested. The police alleged he was responsible for a minor sexual assault on a minor constituted by brushing past him in a shopping aisle.

In his time as a detective having investigated many accusations of sexual offences against minors, Sibley suspected that Omar’s account was unlikely to be taken at face value, certainly not without corroborating evidence. He also knew that false complaints of sexual assault are uncommon. Nonetheless, from the outset it was clear that the acts alleged, even if substantiated, were at the lower end of the criminal spectrum.

Sibley was therefore unsurprised when the Magistrate approved bail subject to certain conditions, including the surrendering of Omar’s passport to the court. When he received a telephone call from his client later that afternoon, he expected it to be confirmation of his release.

What Omar instead told him shocked the lawyer: he was now being held at the Brisbane Immigration Transit Centre at Pinkenba. The ABF had stepped out of the shadows and were about to take things in an entirely different direction.

How the ABF became aware of Omar’s arrest remains a mystery. What is apparent is that sometime after the Magistrate bailed Omar but before he was freed from custody, someone in authority contacted the ABF in an evident attempt to subvert the court’s decision.
Up until then, the denial of bail had been entirely a function of Omar’s status as a foreign national; once it was granted, his citizenship became at law immaterial. But the rule of law, not to mention procedural fairness and common decency, tends to count for little when the ABF becomes involved. Ostensibly on the grounds that he failed the Migration Act’s vague “character test,” they grabbed Omar before his court-ordered liberty could be exercised, transferring him directly to Pinkenba and a highly ambiguous form of custody.

Tales of asylum seekers languishing for years in immigration detention are depressingly commonplace. In Omar’s case, conversely, the ABF acted with astonishing haste. Barely two weeks elapsed between his incarceration and deportation. In the fringe world of immigration detention, where actions can be hidden behind the blanket justification of “operational matters” and judicial process overridden by executive discretion, the principal strategy is to cut the individual off from society. Ignoring any basic right as to the presumption of innocence, the ABF presented Omar with two equally unpalatable choices: remain incarcerated at the very least until the court proceedings were finalised, likely to take twelve months or more, or accept an immediate one-way ticket back to Kuwait. Predictably enough, he chose the latter.

The furtive nature of the ABF’s role in Omar’s case was further demonstrated when the matter went back before the Magistrate in July. The prosecutor, acknowledging the accused’s departure from the country, asked for a bench warrant to be issued. This means that the proceedings will remain open indefinitely, in the unlikely event that Omar returns to Australia. Some weeks later, to Hannah’s surprise two uniformed police came looking for Omar; they in turn seemed astonished to find he had left the country. There is little doubt the officers were there to execute the warrant, and the Queensland Police Service have bizarrely claimed that their investigations are continuing, despite Omar’s deportation.
This palpable lack of communication between the ABF and the Director of Public Prosecutions and Queensland Police implies that almost certainly the alleged child victim and his family too have been left completely in the dark, badly let down by the combination of overreach and incompetence on display. For Sibley, the entire affair constitutes an unconscionable failure of process on behalf of the authorities involved.

Ultimately, Omar’s case is not about guilt or innocence, nebulous concepts at best and here rendered obsolete by the intervention of the ABF. It is about justice: for Omar, the complainant child and his family, and most importantly society as a whole. That in contemporary Australia we are so prepared to manipulate justice in the name of “national security” – in areas as disparate as denying the human rights of refugees and visa students to being complicit in unlawful drone attacks upon foreign nations – is tantamount to conceding that there is no longer any justice at all.

Australian Border Force Intervention in Criminal Matters

 

Over the last 15 years or more, I have observed Australian immigration policy bring Australia into disrepute internationally, and help to fuel an ever growing problem of hatred towards the West and Australia in particular in the Middle East. Recently I worked on a case to free a young Middle Eastern student accused of offences in Brisbane, while on a Student Visa. The evidence was circumstantial, and the young man had good prospects in his defence. The risk of Border Force getting involved was brought to his attention, but the client’s decision was to seek Bail as he was having a difficult time coping in the Watch House. Having secured the release of this young man on bail, Border Force immediately picked him up from the Watch House, determining that the young man’s presence in Australia “is or may be, or would or might be, a risk to: (i) the health, safety or good order of the Australian community or a segment of the Australian community; or (ii) the health or safety of an individual or individuals”. This was enough to put him in immigration detention, cancel his visa and deport him. The Police did not exercise their power to seek a Criminal Justice Visa. The Border Force officers made it clear that they were happy to act on a Police allegation as enunciated in the QP9.